APPLIED LOGICS
Logics developed for, or specialized to, a particular domain of application. Each entry retains an explicit consequence or validity relation, but its connectives, semantics, and intended models are shaped by the subject matter it serves—computation, knowledge, language, probability, games, quantum systems, or program verification.
The division is organized by application domain. Computation entries treat the semantics of programs and processes. Verification entries treat program logics for correctness. Knowledge entries treat knowledge representation and defeasible reasoning. Semantics entries treat natural-language meaning. Probabilistic entries treat uncertainty and causation. Game entries treat strategic interaction. Quantum entries treat quantum information and computation.