INCLUSION CRITERIA
An entry belongs in this subdivision if and only if it is a logic for representing knowledge and drawing inferences from it—ontological, nonmonotonic, defeasible, or argument-based reasoning for formal knowledge systems.
Required: At least one of the following:
- A knowledge-representation formalism with a defined entailment (description logic, ontology language, logic program)
- A nonmonotonic or defeasible consequence relation (default, circumscription, preferential, ASP)
- An argumentation framework with an acceptability semantics, or a belief-change/revision operation
Not sufficient: The epistemic modality of knowledge and belief itself (Modal/Epistemic). Degrees of probability (Probabilistic). Rhetorical or dialectical persuasion (Argumentation and Rhetoric).
Boundary: Argumentation frameworks—individuated by an acceptability relation over arguments—live here; the study of rhetoric and dialectic as human practice belongs to Argumentation and Rhetoric. Epistemic and probabilistic representation is cross-listed with Modal/Epistemic and Probabilistic. Fuzzy logic here is used for KR; the pure many-valued calculus is in Algebraic/Many-Valued. The nonmonotonic systems stay here by their representation problems; the abstract theory of nonmonotonic consequence relations — the postulates and representation theorems — lives in Structural/Nonmonotonic, with Preferential Logic cross-listed in both as the bridge.