• Li and Fa ⤓ .md 2026-07-13T092753.000 000000000013256
  The contrast structures Chinese political philosophy: Confucians emphasize li (ritual propriety, social norms), Legalists emphasize fa (explicit law, codified rules). Han Fei Zi (3rd century BCE) is the key Legalist theorist.
• Mohist Consequentialism ⤓ .md 2026-07-13T092753.000 000000000011944
  Mozi (Mo Di), 5th century BCE; the Mohist school was the major rival to Confucianism before the Qin unification.
• Rectification of Names ⤓ .md 2026-07-13T101706.000 000000000011208
  Confucius (Kongzi), Analerta, 5th century BCE; fundamental to Confucian political philosophy.
• Wu Wei ⤓ .md 2026-07-13T092753.000 000000000011528
  Laozi, Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), 6th-4th century BCE; central concept in Daoist philosophy.