Li and Fa⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000680 **Origin.** The contrast structures Chinese political philosophy: Confucians emphasize li (ritual propriety, social norms), Legalists emphasize fa (explicit law, codified rules). Han Fei Zi (3rd century BCE) is the key Legalist theorist.
Mohist Consequentialism⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000792 **Origin.** Mozi (Mo Di), 5th century BCE; the Mohist school was the major rival to Confucianism before the Qin unification.
Rectification of Names⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000784 **Origin.** Confucius (Kongzi), Analerta, 5th century BCE; fundamental to Confucian political philosophy.
Wu Wei⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000656 **Origin.** Laozi, Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), 6th-4th century BCE; central concept in Daoist philosophy.