Dual Control⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000672 **Origin.** Alexander Feldbaum (1960s); the theory of dual control for systems with unknown parameters.
Homeostatic Regulation⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000752 **Origin.** Pyotr Anokhin's theory of functional systems (1930s-1970s); Ashby's cybernetic adaptation mechanisms imported into Soviet physiology and engineering.
Lyapunov Stability⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000720 **Origin.** Aleksandr Lyapunov's doctoral thesis (1892); foundational to Soviet control theory; extended by Lur'e, Yakubovich, and the absolute stability school.
Optimal Control Decomposition⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000808 **Origin.** Lev Pontryagin's maximum principle (1956); applied to economic planning via Kantorovich and Nemchinov; hierarchical decomposition via Mesarovic.
Reflexive Control⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000712 **Origin.** Vladimir Lefebvre (1960s-1970s); Soviet military-strategic research; formalized in "Algebra of Conscience" and reflexive game theory.
Requisite Variety⤓ .md 2026-07-13T062546.818 000000000000712 **Origin.** W. Ross Ashby's Law of Requisite Variety (1956), adopted and extensively applied in Soviet organizational cybernetics by Glushkov, Berg, and the OGAS project team; "Only variety can destroy variety."