Developmental Teaching⤓ .md 2026-07-15T045317.000 000000000020208 Vasily Davydov, Soviet educational psychology, 1960s-1990s. Built on Vygotsky and critiqued traditional empirical teaching. Implemented in the Elkonin-Davydov curriculum used in Soviet and post-Soviet schools.
Learning Activity⤓ .md 2026-07-15T045317.000 000000000019536 Daniil Elkonin and Vasily Davydov, Soviet educational psychology, 1960s-1980s. Operationalized in the Elkonin-Davydov curriculum. "Learning activity" (uchebnaya deyatelnost) is a specific type of activity whose product is change in the learner, not an external result.
Stepwise Formation of Mental Actions⤓ .md 2026-07-15T045317.000 000000000019456 Pyotr Galperin, Soviet psychology, 1950s-1970s. Developed as a systematic method for teaching concepts and skills by externalizing mental operations and gradually internalizing them. Based on Vygotsky's framework but operationalized into a teachable procedure.